馬可維茲風險平均數平面

import csv #輸入csv套件comma separated value f = open('200201to202505.csv','r', encoding="utf-8")#打開下載的檔案SPY.CSV,模式是r讀取, csvreader = csv.reader(f) #將檔案讀入變數csvreader header, rows = list(), list() #宣告空白串列(陣列,清單) firms = set() #建構集合 header = next(csvreader) #串列header儲存檔案第一列 for record in csvreader: #檔案紀錄，逐列row檢視 rows.append(record) #第i筆附加append於rows串列成為rows[i] firms.add(record[0]) #row[0]公司名稱 f.close() #關閉檔案 months = dict() for year in range(2007,2026): months[year]=[str(year*100+month) for month in range(1,13)] count, sum, sumSq, mean, stdev = dict(), dict(), dict(), dict(), dict() for firm in firms: for year in range(2007, 2026): t = (firm, year) #元組(公司,年) count[t] = 0 sum[t] = 0.0 sumSq[t] = 0.0 for row in rows: #字典value增加append元素 for firm in firms: if row[0] == firm: for year in range(2007, 2026): t = (firm, year) for month in months[year]: if row[1] == month: count[t] +=1 temp = float(row[8]) sum[t] += temp sumSq[t] += temp*temp for firm in firms: #以下計算各年度月報酬率的平均數與標準差 for year in range(2007, 2026): t = (firm, year) temp1 = count[t] temp2 = sum[t] mean[t] = temp2 / temp1 temp2 = sumSq[t] - temp2 * temp2 / temp1 temp2 = temp2/(temp1-1) stdev[t] = temp2 ** 0.5 from tkinter import * tk = Tk() tk.geometry('1000x600') tk.title('上市金融控股公司股價報酬率標準差(X軸)與平均數(Y軸)') canvas=Canvas(tk, width=1000,height=600,bg='white') canvas.pack() canvas.create_line(0,200,700,200,width=3,fill='black',arrow='last') canvas.create_line(10,600,10,5,width=3,fill='black',arrow='last') canvas.pack() for firm in firms: t=(firm, 2007) x = 10+20*stdev[t]*2*3**0.5 #放大20 y = 200 - 10*mean[t]*12 #放大10 dot=canvas.create_oval(x-5,y-5,x+5,y+5,fill='blue') lab=canvas.create_text(x+10,y,text=firm[4:7],anchor=W,font=('微軟中黑體', 16)) tk.mainloop()